masterrafi36

Position: Junior officer

Joined: 2011-10-13

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	7514		0		0		0
Ø Tier	6,48		0,00		0,00		0,00
Victories	3584	47,70%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	3788	50,41%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	142	1,89%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1861	24,77%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	5989	0,80	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,06		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	7810	1,04	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	790,13		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	8386	1,12	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	4708	0,63	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	408,68		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN7	992,07		0,00		0,00		0,00
WN8	1137,41		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	7514
Ø Tier	6,48
Victories	3584	47,70%
Defeats	3788	50,41%
Draws	142	1,89%
Battles survived	1861	24,77%
Tanks destroyed	5989	0,80
Destruction ratio	1,06
Tanks spotted	7810	1,04
Damage dealt	790,13
Capture points	8386	1,12
Defense points	4708	0,63
Experience	408,68
WN7	992,07
WN8	1137,41

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	14		0		0		0
Victories	4	28,57%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	9	64,29%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	1	7,14%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1	7,14%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	8	0,57	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,62		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	13	0,93	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	619,21		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	1	0,07	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	228,64		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	14
Victories	4	28,57%
Defeats	9	64,29%
Draws	1	7,14%
Battles survived	1	7,14%
Tanks destroyed	8	0,57
Destruction ratio	0,62
Tanks spotted	13	0,93
Damage dealt	619,21
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	1	0,07
Experience	228,64

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	11		0		0		0
Victories	6	54,55%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	5	45,45%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	4	36,36%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	7	0,64	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	5	0,45	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	945,36		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	50	4,55	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	14	1,27	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	674,36		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	11
Victories	6	54,55%
Defeats	5	45,45%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	4	36,36%
Tanks destroyed	7	0,64
Destruction ratio	1,00
Tanks spotted	5	0,45
Damage dealt	945,36
Capture points	50	4,55
Defense points	14	1,27
Experience	674,36

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (82)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
G.W. Panther	7	1312,24	441	927	48,98%	2043,32
Type 59	8	996,61	572	791	54,61%	1431,67
E 75	9	1585,23	554	740	49,46%	1709,07
Hummel	6	836,45	302	382	40,31%	1201,60
Löwe	8	985,12	537	380	42,11%	1002,21
Tiger II	8	997,65	493	356	41,29%	1068,62
Tiger I	7	668,85	549	246	45,53%	763,04
VK 36.01 (H)	6	449,39	352	233	53,65%	682,52
IS	7	768,31	406	226	42,04%	954,04
IS-3	8	979,47	589	211	45,50%	1012,88
KV-1	5	269,69	262	203	44,83%	344,94
Jagdpanzer IV	6	454,54	318	190	52,63%	743,15
Grille	5	534,04	266	187	49,20%	1155,05
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	271,49	277	179	51,40%	597,21
StuG III Ausf. G	5	344,89	257	167	50,30%	722,18
Marder II	3	250,53	242	145	52,41%	753,76
G.W. Tiger	9	965,47	485	144	39,58%	703,09
T-34	5	189,94	253	131	43,51%	284,72
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer	4	184,76	185	107	42,99%	257,38
Wespe	3	205,20	186	100	48,00%	694,67
Leichttraktor	1	116,77	204	88	56,82%	532,29
AMX 12 t	6	332,13	497	76	50,00%	751,38
M10 Wolverine	5	350,75	304	75	42,67%	587,39
E 100	10	1256,08	453	75	40,00%	780,64
Jagdpanther	7	693,75	407	72	51,39%	893,48
BT-7	4	91,38	174	69	42,03%	126,43
T-28	4	69,06	170	67	41,79%	22,27
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J	4	145,33	205	61	44,26%	223,71
BT-2	2	105,93	222	61	55,74%	440,06
Object 257	9	1070,07	689	58	48,28%	880,72
T-26	2	183,72	212	58	43,10%	939,59
SU-122A	5	326,88	296	51	50,98%	647,26
KV-85	6	167,51	257	49	44,90%	64,94
T-50	5	143,93	281	46	50,00%	331,66
T-46	3	130,49	203	39	53,85%	467,87
M18 Hellcat	6	363,43	306	37	37,84%	353,66
Jagdpanther II	8	697,89	389	36	50,00%	538,97
T1 Heavy	5	340,29	430	31	58,06%	617,45
A-20	5	39,77	285	30	46,67%	74,71
Panzerjäger I	2	168,32	177	28	50,00%	557,71
SU-26	3	232,74	215	27	59,26%	625,15
SU-5	4	550,88	273	26	30,77%	1477,71
Pz.Kpfw. II	2	193,92	209	25	44,00%	826,93
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	63,44	147	25	48,00%	82,50
T56 GMC	3	73,68	192	19	42,11%	7,98
B1	4	201,44	349	16	37,50%	402,04
Cruiser Mk. II	2	176,57	213	14	50,00%	651,65
T40	4	232,00	278	14	42,86%	367,03
VK 16.02 Leopard	5	162,46	425	13	46,15%	341,09
VK 30.01 (P)	6	238,62	299	13	46,15%	185,71
SU-18	2	122,27	113	11	36,36%	511,34
AMX ELC bis	5	132,00	399	11	54,55%	317,42
T-34-85	6	328,90	382	10	60,00%	522,48
Pz.Kpfw. 35 (t)	2	171,30	318	10	50,00%	911,35
T3 HMC	2	231,11	224	9	66,67%	1085,02
M3 Lee	4	375,89	407	9	77,78%	1801,35
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. D	4	167,13	313	8	50,00%	353,52
LTP	3	181,50	230	8	25,00%	732,56
Valentine	3	243,50	292	8	75,00%	1009,12
M2 Medium Tank	3	97,13	150	8	50,00%	188,87
Hotchkiss H35	2	91,00	164	8	50,00%	249,60
Matilda	4	83,00	294	8	50,00%	96,47
MS-1	1	98,43	169	7	71,43%	534,41
M41D	8	792,67	502	6	33,33%	1236,37
AMX 40	4	212,60	366	5	60,00%	965,78
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. D	2	108,60	389	5	60,00%	462,89
43 M. Toldi III	3	156,00	232	4	25,00%	433,00
AMX 38	3	106,50	137	4	25,00%	165,63
AMX 13 75	7	130,25	272	4	25,00%	3,10
M7 Priest	3	360,75	378	4	50,00%	970,85
Sturmpanzer I Bison	3	129,50	123	4	75,00%	444,85
Lago	4	286,33	427	3	66,67%	972,50
T7 Combat Car	2	140,33	196	3	33,33%	507,51
Strv m/40L	3	141,00	210	2	0,00%	231,67
M2	2	154,50	237	2	50,00%	649,55
Renault FT 75 BS	2	21,00	160	2	100,00%	261,00
Jagdtiger	9	273,00	265	2	0,00%	0,00
T-50-2	6	79,00	116	1	0,00%	0,00
T1E6	2	85,00	148	1	0,00%	176,69
Vickers Medium Mk. II	2	231,00	225	1	0,00%	1010,90
G.W. Tiger (P)	8	141,00	720	1	100,00%	261,00
Pz.Kpfw. II Luchs	4	0,00	56	1	0,00%	0,00

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[TIGER] TiGER

Position: Junior officer

Joined: 2011-10-13

[TIGER] TiGER

Position: Junior officer

Joined: 2011-10-13

Left: 2024-12-24

masterrafi36

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (82)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history